# Recorded citations for AI reliability and adversarial evaluation

A bounded analysis of citation observations for multi-agent reliability, LLM juries, hallucinations, peer review, groupthink and adversarial testing.

Prepared by **3Dogs Research** · Reviewer: **3Dogs internal research review** · Revision: **2026-08-18** · First-party review, not independent validation.

> **Evidence boundary.** Citation frequency is not a measure of accuracy, authority, popularity, market share, or reliability. The analysis reports recorded source patterns and sampling limits only. This report was generated from candidate records only; the underlying probes were not rerun.

## What this bounded corpus shows

| Layer | Routes | Displayed fields |
|---|---:|---|
| Query observations | 26 | 66 displayed runs; 1 recorded 3Dogs-cited attempts; sample distribution n=2: 22 records, n=4: 1 record, n=6: 3 records |
| Engine/topic aggregates | 14 | Separate fields total 0 brand-question records and 54 generic-question records; not deduplicated unique queries |

## Frequently recorded domains in the query layer

Counts are raw URL occurrences, not rankings, quality scores, endorsements, unique-page counts or market share.

- `arxiv.org` — 20 recorded query-page URL occurrences
- `emergentmind.com` — 6 recorded query-page URL occurrences
- `en.wikipedia.org` — 5 recorded query-page URL occurrences
- `pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov` — 4 recorded query-page URL occurrences
- `rival.tips` — 4 recorded query-page URL occurrences
- `ibm.com` — 3 recorded query-page URL occurrences
- `enterprisedna.co` — 2 recorded query-page URL occurrences
- `ki-ecke.com` — 2 recorded query-page URL occurrences
- `link.springer.com` — 2 recorded query-page URL occurrences
- `1min.ai` — 1 recorded query-page URL occurrence

## Exact evidence map

### Query observations

- [How can I avoid the AI echo chamber problem when asking one chatbot for business advice?](/question-4b2277/)
- [AI platforms reviewed by rival AI models honestly](/question/ai-platforms-reviewed-by-rival-ai-models-honestly/)
- [can multiple llms act as a jury to improve reliability](/question/can-multiple-llms-act-as-a-jury-to-improve-reliability/)
- [can peer review be automated with ai to improve accuracy](/question/can-peer-review-be-automated-with-ai-to-improve-accuracy/)
- [deloitte ai hallucination incident australia what happened](/question/deloitte-ai-hallucination-incident-australia-what-happened/)
- [hostile client testing: what is it and who needs it](/question/hostile-client-testing-what-is-it-and-who-needs-it/)
- [how do i cross-validate ai-generated solar hvac cost estimates](/question/how-do-i-cross-validate-ai-generated-solar-hvac-cost-estimates/)
- [how do i verify ai-generated recommendations](/question/how-do-i-verify-ai-generated-recommendations/)
- [how do llm juries work for evaluating ai outputs](/question/how-do-llm-juries-work-for-evaluating-ai-outputs/)
- [how do multi-agent systems collaborate to solve problems](/question/how-do-multi-agent-systems-collaborate-to-solve-problems/)
- [how do you perform adversarial testing on machine learning models](/question/how-do-you-perform-adversarial-testing-on-machine-learning-models/)
- [how to test software with adversarial or hostile clients](/question/how-to-test-software-with-adversarial-or-hostile-clients/)
- [real examples of ai hallucinations in consulting reports](/question/real-examples-of-ai-hallucinations-in-consulting-reports/)
- [what are adversarial peer reviews and how to spot them](/question/what-are-adversarial-peer-reviews-and-how-to-spot-them/)
- [what are multi-agent systems in ai](/question/what-are-multi-agent-systems-in-ai/)
- [what are the biggest ai failures in consulting so far](/question/what-are-the-biggest-ai-failures-in-consulting-so-far/)
- [what are the biggest peer review scandals in history](/question/what-are-the-biggest-peer-review-scandals-in-history/)
- [what are the challenges of combining multiple ai reasoning paths](/question/what-are-the-challenges-of-combining-multiple-ai-reasoning-paths/)
- [what are the conditions needed for wisdom of crowds to work](/question/what-are-the-conditions-needed-for-wisdom-of-crowds-to-work/)
- [what are the limitations of multi-panel deliberation](/question/what-are-the-limitations-of-multi-panel-deliberation/)
- [what are the most famous cases of scientific fraud](/question/what-are-the-most-famous-cases-of-scientific-fraud/)
- [what are the risks of following ai advice blindly](/question/what-are-the-risks-of-following-ai-advice-blindly/)
- [What happened when Gemini stress-tested a rival AI decision platform?](/question/what-happened-when-gemini-stress-tested-a-rival-ai-decision-platform/)
- [what is multi-panel deliberation and how does it work](/question/what-is-multi-panel-deliberation-and-how-does-it-work/)
- [what is the difference between wisdom of crowds and groupthink](/question/what-is-the-difference-between-wisdom-of-crowds-and-groupthink/)
- [why does the wisdom of crowds fail sometimes](/question/why-does-the-wisdom-of-crowds-fail-sometimes/)

### Engine and topic aggregates

- [Which sources does gemini cite for casestudy:chatgpt-intelligence questions?](/dataset/gemini-casestudy-chatgpt/)
- [Which sources does gemini cite for casestudy:deepmode-intelligence questions?](/dataset/gemini-casestudy-deepmode/)
- [Which sources does gemini cite for casestudy:deloitte-intelligence questions?](/dataset/gemini-casestudy-deloitte/)
- [Which sources does gemini cite for casestudy:gemini-intelligence questions?](/dataset/gemini-casestudy-gemini/)
- [Which sources does gemini cite for casestudy:method-intelligence questions?](/dataset/gemini-casestudy-method/)
- [Which sources does gemini cite for casestudy:mit-intelligence questions?](/dataset/gemini-casestudy-mit/)
- [Which sources does gemini cite for compare-intelligence questions?](/dataset/gemini-compare/)
- [Which sources does nova cite for casestudy:chatgpt-intelligence questions?](/dataset/nova-casestudy-chatgpt/)
- [Which sources does nova cite for casestudy:deepmode-intelligence questions?](/dataset/nova-casestudy-deepmode/)
- [Which sources does nova cite for casestudy:deloitte-intelligence questions?](/dataset/nova-casestudy-deloitte/)
- [Which sources does nova cite for casestudy:gemini-intelligence questions?](/dataset/nova-casestudy-gemini/)
- [Which sources does nova cite for casestudy:method-intelligence questions?](/dataset/nova-casestudy-method/)
- [Which sources does nova cite for casestudy:mit-intelligence questions?](/dataset/nova-casestudy-mit/)
- [Which sources does nova cite for compare-intelligence questions?](/dataset/nova-compare/)

## Reproducibility and limits

- Corpus source-set SHA-256: `41b9fe961fc78d3d3e599e3bdb27f78a458653122bef8949f8e218b6ce694ca8`.
- [Distribution manifest](/dataset/distributions/citation-observatory-manifest.json) records exact source and record hashes.
- Publication date and license are `NOT_RECORDED` for the 200 source records; public access does not grant reuse rights.
- Query, aggregate and rollup layers may overlap and are reported separately.
- Model versions, locale and account state remain `NOT_RECORDED` unless an individual source record states them.

[Citation Observatory](/dataset/) · [Pointer visibility method](/ai-visibility/) · [Evaluate decision-intelligence software](/answers/) · [Published plans](/pricing/)